There Is No Doubt That Various Experts Can Give Us Many Theories As To Essay Example For Students

There Is No Doubt That Various Experts Can Give Us Many Theories As To Essay the causes of juvenile delinquency, including ones economic background, substance abuse, delinquent peer groups, repeated exposure to violence, increased availability of firearms and media violence, however, I feel that the number one cause of juvenile delinquency is the breakdown of families, including lack of parental control over children. It is ironic in America, today, one must have a drivers license to operate a vehicle, a permit to own a gun and even a license to own a dog, but one does not have to have training or a license in order to become a parent. Without specialized educational programs in child development and parenting, many of our future parents will not have a chance at becoming successful parents and worse, yet, many parents today are already contributing to the ever increasing problem of juvenile delinquency simply by not knowing how to be parents. Being a parent is a lifelong commitment and new parents must learn parenting skills immediately; they do not have the luxury of internships and often times, mistakes in parenting will have drastic effects on the child. We will write a custom essay on There Is No Doubt That Various Experts Can Give Us Many Theories As To specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There are many reasons for the widespread crisis in families today. Below are some of those causes:Changes in the Social Environment there have been many changesin our social environment over the last twenty five years. These changeshave made a risky environment for todays youth. Children and teenagersspend more time with peer groups than ever before. Drugs and deadlyweapons are used increasingly as ways to solve problems. Illicit andexplicit sexuality and violence are the main subjects of choice in themedia; and the impact of media influence has widened and becomemore vivid with the introduction of computers, video games, portablestereos and MTV. Changes in Family Structure and Functioning The prevalence ofdivorce and the increasing number of women in the workplace havereduced the number of adults who provide interaction, structure andsupervision in a childs life. Along with this, institutions have not keptpace in providing alternative programs for unsupervised kids. Add tothis new parenting expectations that come with single parent and step-parent families and you now have a confusing, often inconsistent and/or unreliable home base for children. Confusion About Parent Roles and Parent Control When childrenreach adolescence, conflict between parents and teens normally increasesas teens need to distance themselves from parental identity to establishtheir own identity. Experts agree they are generally three parenting stylesthat reportedly escalate these conflicts. The authoritarian parent tends to emphasize rules and very harshconsequences. There is little room for discussion or negotiation. The indulgent parent tends to spoil the child and expects little or noresponsibility at home, choosing instead to clean up after the child bothat home and in his social misbehavior. The indifferent parent is so preoccupied with his/her own life andactivities that little time and energy is given to either involvement orappropriate structure. The type of parenting that does work is simply called authoritative parenting. This type of parent assumes a role of authority in the childs life, but the rules and structure are sensible and flexible to accommodate the childs growth toward adolescence and young adulthood. The parents intelligent explanations of the rules plus reasonable enforcement help to maintain a steady reduction of control as the child matures. Studies have been made to determine the causes of juvenile delinquency. Many of these studies have focused on family relationships. In one study, comparing delinquent and non-delinquent youths showed that over ninety percent of the delinquents had unhappy home lives and felt discontented with their life circumstances. Only thirteen percent of the non-delinquent youths felt this way. This study also brought attention to the fact that to these youths, delinquency appeared to be a sort of solution to them. It brought attention to youths neglected by their parents, or approval of delinquent friends, or it solved problems of an unhappy home life in other ways. .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 , .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 .postImageUrl , .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 , .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5:hover , .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5:visited , .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5:active { border:0!important; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5:active , .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5 .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u285ce9ad1cb7b11a8a368b5bf15e12c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Women at Point Zero EssayA study by the National Institute of Justice also determined that youths from neglectful homes, single parent homes and homes in which substance abuse was a problem had a greater likelihood of being charged as a juvenile of a crime or status offense. In fact, research has shown that fifty three percent of these children are more likely to be arrested and thirty eight percent more likely to commit an act of violence. Between 1976 and 1996, the number of juveniles living in poverty grew 42 percent. Along with this growth, crimes committed by juveniles also grew. From as early as the turn of the century, experts in juvenile delinquency (Morrison, 1915) have recognized the familys early and primary role in influencing delinquency. These experts concluded that family dysfunction and poor parental supervision and socialization are major influences on childrens subsequent delinquency. Unfortunately, society did not take action on these earlier findings, thus it has only been recently that the impact of family factors has received much attention or research funding. The implications of existing research are that the family environment can either protect children from subsequent delinquency or put them at greater risk. It is true, that depending on the level of functioning, families can negatively impact a childs development. In a study conducted by Stouthamer-Loeber of approximately 300 research study cases, it was determined, in longitudinal studies, that socialization factors such as lack of supervision, parental rejection of the child, child rejection of the parent and lack of parent/child involvement were found to be the strongest indicators of delinquency. Parental dysfunction, such as criminality, substance abusers and poor marital relations were mid level predictors and parental health and actual absence of parent were weak predictors. In concurrent comparative studies, the strongest correlate of problem behaviors in children were the childs rejection of the parents and the parental rejection of the child. The importance of effective parental discipline was higher in the comparative studies than in the longitudinal studies. The overall effect of these risk factors appeared to be the same fo r both boys and girls. In a study conducted by Wright and Wright in 1997, four factors were determined to explain the relationship between single parent families and delinquency. These factors include economic deprivation, reduced supervision, formal controls, social supports, living in poverty neighborhoods characterized by high crime rates and alienation and lastly an increased criminal justice system response to children from single parent families. They also determined the absence of fathers increased these factors. Children from both single parent families, as well as those children who live in complex, shifting, highly stressed families suffer from these same conditions. In fact, according to Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, poverty has now become a childrens problem, owing chiefly to the fact that an increased proportion of children live for long periods, sometimes their entire childhood, in mother only families, a large fraction of which are also poor. A 1996 Department of Health and Human Services study found that at every income level except for the very highest (over $50,000 a year), children living with never married mothers were more likely than their counterparts in two parent families to have been expelled or suspended from school, to display emotional problems and to engage in anti-social behavior. The same study revealed that if the family is headed by a teenage African American single mother, the risks are even greater. Children of teenage black single mothers are less able to control their impulses, have a lower tolerance for frustration, are more likely to be hyperactive, have more difficulty adapting to school and, if boys, are likely to be more hostile, assertive and willful than children of older mothers, both black and white. .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a , .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a .postImageUrl , .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a , .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a:hover , .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a:visited , .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a:active { border:0!important; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a:active , .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f684da3e6eddefcb65ed989181f7d6a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Make-Up Art Cosmetics EssayAnother factor to consider in the breakdown of families is the increasing number of children placed into foster care by single mothers who are unable to provide for their care, children born addicted to crack and taken away from their mothers, children born infected with the HIV virus who demand more care than their mothers are able to provide for them and those children who are actually homeless due to any number of conditions. These children are at an even greater risk for delinquency. It is estimated that over 500,000 children are presently in foster care. These same children move from home to home an average of three times per year. Is it any wonder, without proper parental care, supervision and control that 44 percent of these foster children are expected to commit an act of delinquency before they turn eighteen?Children , both young and old, have the right to expect strong family morals and values. Children have the right to have their parents show a sincere interest in both their school work and their activities away from school. Children have the right to have both parents actively involved in all aspects of their lives. They have the right for parents to sit civilly at the dinner table and ask about their day. They have a right for respect and decency and they have a right to not be victimized by those people who chose to bring them into this world. They have a right to be able to learn respect for other people, respect for authority and respect for themselves. Children have a right to effective parenting. In conclusion, I would agree there are many causes of juvenile delinquency, however, the most important cause and one that needs to be addressed and corrected is the breakdown of families. Parents who care responsibly for their children will help them avoid the other causes of delinquency. These parents will restrict their access to media violence, monitor their peer groups, explain and inform them of the negative effects of substance abuse, prevent their access to firearms, provide them with a stable family life, free of violence, discipline them with love and consistency and most importantly, teach them the basic values of life respect for others, respect for authority and respect for themselves. CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCYTHE BREAKDOWN OF FAMILIES IN AMERICACheryl L. RhoadesMarch 11, 1999RESOURCES1. Kortege, Carglyn, Parenthood Training Promoted. The Register Guard, Des Moines, IA www.os/c.org/InTheNews/parenthood2. Child Abuse Prevention Network, Moral Development and Boys, James Garbarino, PH.D www.child.cornell.edu/npr.violentboys3. Conseur, Amy, Rivera, Frederick P., Baronski, Robert and Irvin, Emanuel, Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Later Delinquency. Pediatrics, June, 1997, v. 99, p 785 (6)4. Berg, Stacie Zoe, High Praise For Strict Parenting, Insight on the News, Sept. 1, 1997, v 13, n 32, p. 43 (1)5. Encarta Online Deluxe, Juvenile Crime www.encarta.msn.com/encart6. Alternatives For Parents Who Have Lost Control www.fbcbaytown.org/parents7. Boostrom, Ron, Enduring Issues in Criminology Opposing Viewpoints, Greenhaven Press, Inc., P.O. Box 289009, San Diego, CA 92198-9009, p. 121-125, 173-174, 1808. MacKenzie, D.L. 1997, Criminal Justice and Crime Prevent ion. In Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesnt, What Looks Promising (A Report to the United States Congress), eds. L.W. Sherman, D. Gottfredson, D.MacKenzie, J. Eck, P. Reuter and S. Bushway, Washington, D.C. National Institute of Justice

Free Essays on The Man Who Was Almost a Man

â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright, In this story, the main character Dave expresses his needs to be acknowledged as an adult. I do not think he was prepared at all to become an adult, he just thought he was. Some of the biggest objects that held him back were not being able to handle problems, the characters in his surroundings, and his immature actions. Dave exhibits his immaturity and the fact that he is not yet an adult and cannot handle adult problems. His actions lead him into trouble that proves the fact that he is still an adolescent who cannot handle problems of the adult world. When Dave was faced with real problems of the everyday world, he just ran away from them. The characters around Dave make him feel like he is still a child. He wants to purchase a gun to feel more powerful. In the beginning of this story, Dave talks about how a gun would change the way people acted towards him. He feels that if he owns this power, the men in the field who work with him will have more respect for him, and his mother will start treating him as an adult. Dave feels as if he is surrounded by people who treat him as a child and he does not like this at all. â€Å"You ain’t nothing but a boy. You don’t need a gun.† This statement said by Joe, is the main reason why Dave truly wants a gun, to feel independent. Although Dave wants to be acknowledged as an adult, his actions are very immature and childlike. The act of asking his mother for a gun and feeling as though he cannot ask his dad for the gun for fear of rejection, gives you an example of immaturity. Dave’s challenge to his mother’s rules is another example of immaturity. Dave’s mother agrees to allow Dave to buy the gun as long as he promises to bring it straight to her. He agrees to this, although he does not go along with her wish. The next morning, Dave set out to the fields early to shoot his gun. He ends up accidentally killing Mr. Hawkins mule, Jenn... Free Essays on The Man Who Was Almost a Man Free Essays on The Man Who Was Almost a Man â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright, In this story, the main character Dave expresses his needs to be acknowledged as an adult. I do not think he was prepared at all to become an adult, he just thought he was. Some of the biggest objects that held him back were not being able to handle problems, the characters in his surroundings, and his immature actions. Dave exhibits his immaturity and the fact that he is not yet an adult and cannot handle adult problems. His actions lead him into trouble that proves the fact that he is still an adolescent who cannot handle problems of the adult world. When Dave was faced with real problems of the everyday world, he just ran away from them. The characters around Dave make him feel like he is still a child. He wants to purchase a gun to feel more powerful. In the beginning of this story, Dave talks about how a gun would change the way people acted towards him. He feels that if he owns this power, the men in the field who work with him will have more respect for him, and his mother will start treating him as an adult. Dave feels as if he is surrounded by people who treat him as a child and he does not like this at all. â€Å"You ain’t nothing but a boy. You don’t need a gun.† This statement said by Joe, is the main reason why Dave truly wants a gun, to feel independent. Although Dave wants to be acknowledged as an adult, his actions are very immature and childlike. The act of asking his mother for a gun and feeling as though he cannot ask his dad for the gun for fear of rejection, gives you an example of immaturity. Dave’s challenge to his mother’s rules is another example of immaturity. Dave’s mother agrees to allow Dave to buy the gun as long as he promises to bring it straight to her. He agrees to this, although he does not go along with her wish. The next morning, Dave set out to the fields early to shoot his gun. He ends up accidentally killing Mr. Hawkins mule, Jenn...

Advanced Practice Nurse Practitioners Assignment

Advanced Practice Nurse Practitioners - Assignment Example The role of the APNs will be to come up with suggestions of alternative therapies that can be applied during the process and also aid in the supervision of the patient. In the entire process, the APNs will be engaged in the provision of education services to the patients and their caretakers on the advantages of new approaches to medication that can reduce the level of pain and suffering. The APNs will at the same time also provide tools to the patients that will significantly apply ultimate control during their treatment. They will also engage the patients in the effective management of events and conditions that befall the patients during their treatment period. By so doing, the hospital management will be in a position to achieve their goals as provided for in the plan of treatment. The APNs play a central role in this particular process since they target the patients with the aim of enlightening them on various procedures that would benefit them in their entire lives. Eventually, these procedures will serve to reduce the length of stay in the hospital, cutting on the medical costs of the patients as well as empowering the patients. It I the role of APNs in making patients and their family members understand the most effective techniques amongst combined therapies that will be in a position to boost their options of treatment. To be able to deliver effectively in their role as educators to patients and their families, APNs will be under obligation to come up with a realist educational plan.

Natural gas & Geothermal energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Natural gas & Geothermal energy - Essay Example Such energy is recovered as the natural gas. However, natural gas represents nonrenewable energy source because of the inability to replenish such energy. Geothermal energy depicts the heat, which is obtained from the earth. Such heat generates a sustainable and clean energy. The resources of geothermal energy vary from deep hot rock in the ground to shallow hot water. These resources contribute in generation of energy, which does not contribute in emission of greenhouse gases. Further, geothermal energy has few chemical pollutants, minimal waste and it is renewable. Rankine cycle depicts a model, which is used in the process of predicting steam turbine systems performance. The system, which is a thermodynamic cycle, changes heat into mechanical work (Stanley, 2010). The supply of the heat is on the external closed loop whereby the working fluid is water. As such, the Rankine Cycle is a form of the steam engine, which has the potential of generating

Conservation of the Everglades National Park Research Paper

Conservation of the Everglades National Park - Research Paper Example The Park is home to several species of wildlife such as herons, egrets, wood storks, red-shouldered hawks, snail kites, wild turkeys, woodpeckers, and warblers. In addition, it is the only Park in the world with two contrasting species of animals coexisting in the same ecosystem. For example, alligators, commonly found in temperate climatic zones, live with crocodiles, only found in tropical zones. Since the Park receives both freshwater and saltwater from different sources, plants and animals from temperate and tropical climatic zones are a common feature. Funding from external sources is necessary to support conservation programs aimed at preserving the existing ecosystem, as well as develop lasting solutions to slow down the effects of global warming on the Park’s flora and fauna. Diversity and biological interrelationships among the life forms in the area During the dry season often experienced between December and April, the alligator digs out large holes in the limestone that provides shelter for turtles, insects, wading birds, and fish. These holes provide a secure place for these animals to cool down during the day before returning to their habitats at night (Spoolman & Miller, 2011). Moreover, during the wet seasons, alligators spread out the marshes floating on the water to make way for wading birds and other freshwater animals. The life cycle of the snail kites is dependent upon the availability of the apple snail, which is its staple prey in the Park. Due to the seasonal water flow affecting the Park, the population of the apple snails is diminishing, endangering the survival of the snail kites. Thus, conservancy strategies have been put in place to control the use of water in the Park so as to reverse the current seasonal dry spells that, for years, have disrupted the Park’s ecosystem. For there to be a stable balance between the predators and their prey, conservancy programs should be modeled towards reversing the effects of global w arming currently affecting the flora and fauna native to the Park (Balint, Stewart, Desai, & Walters, 2011). Mangrove trees provide nesting grounds for different species of birds living in the Park. Furthermore, snakes prey on these birds for survival, thus keeping the mangrove forest intact would strengthen this food chain, providing a balance between the two species dominant in the Park. Human intrusions threatening the Park Although the Park is protected from the inside, its surroundings are constantly being destroyed by human activities, such as building canals to redirect water from the river for irrigation. The water channeled off the Park is being utilized by the neighboring communities to water their plantations, as well as for domestic use. Besides, the canal’s major objective is to control flooding during the rainy season when water from the springs overflows to the plantations surrounding the Park (Parrish, 2011). Water from the â€Å"River of Grass† is curr ently being used to irrigate sugarcane plantations located between the Park and Lake Okeechobee. It is said that the river no longer flows to the Park as it used to when the Park was opened since most of the water is being tapped for domestic and industrial use.

Study on the lord of the flies

Study on the lord of the flies A. Ralph: Ralph brings civilization to the island with his exceptional leadership and sagacity. Through his wise decisions, he continuously pulls the boys closer to being rescued. However, Ralphs effort to bring peace miserably fails at the end, as boys gradually begin to go against his beliefs. Civilized: As an elected leader of the tribe, Ralph repeatedly attempts to coordinate civilization unlike the other boys. While others stay ignorant to the situation by focusing on having fun on the island, Ralph does not cease to pour all his strengths to civilize the boys by building huts, creating fire, and assigning duties. Unwavering: Throughout the novel, Ralph refuses to succumb to the barbaric lifestyle the other boys have yielded to, despite the given circumstances on this chaotic island. Ralph continues to keep his humanity by holding in his inner savagery, even when his own life is at stake. B. Piggy: As a fat kid with asthma, Piggy holds all the essential traits to being a stereotypical annoying child, causing many to dislike him. Although Piggy can be considered as the most intelligent one in the group, he often fails to get acknowledged and appreciated by others for the contributions he made to the island. Dependent: Despite the sensible decisions he brings to the table that would be prudent to the boys survival, Piggy always requires Jacks presence to get things done. Piggy needs Ralph to accomplish even a simplest task on the island, like giving the littluns commands. Without Jack, Piggy is not respected or accepted by others. Faithful: Through thick and thin, Piggy stays by Ralphs side as his best friend. Almost nowhere in the book can Ralph be seen without Piggy, as two seem to be inseparable throughout the whole store. Piggy devotedly guides Ralph to the right direction and stays faithful, even to the point where he sacrifices his own life. C. Simon: Simon is an alienated figure in the tribe of the boys on the island, due to his unique maturity and morality toward life. Although he prefers being alone in a deserted area away from others on the island, Simon still puts his effort to help and save the boys from trouble. Unfortunately, his innocent efforts later takes his life away at the end, akin to an image of Jesus Christ. Compassionate: Simon may look like he is apathetic toward other boys through his isolated status in the tribe, however, he clearly is not; Simon is actually very compassionate about them. While others are occupied on having fun, Simon alone pours his weak strengths to build huts for the littluns. Also, it is Simon that retrieves back Piggys flown away specs back to him when it flies away from Jacks heavy blow. Sacrificial: Simon becomes one of the first boys to die on the island, despite all his goodness. Although he never harmed others or even intended to, Simon gets killed anyway by the boys own bare hands. It can be inferred that he has been sacrificed to nature for the sins other boys have committed, making him the scapegoat of the tribe. D. Jack: After landing on the island, Jack undergoes a dramatic transition from a choirboy who likes to flaunt his ability to sing C sharp, to a savage who likes to decapitate a dead pigs body. Jack rejects to adapt to the civilization offered by Ralph, but desires to create his own fully under his power. Rebellious: In contrary to the rest of the boys, who easily agree to the decisions made by Ralph, Jack alone refuses to be a follower. Instead, he wishes to have full authority of his own, later resulting him to make his own separate tribe. Jack simply does not want to be under someone elses control, which later causes war and deaths among the boys. Charismatic: Charisma is an essential trait for all leaders. Inclined for power, Jack luckily cherishes that charismatic side in him, unlike Ralph who miserably fails to lead his boys into right direction. All his actions, like camouflaging his face with paint, seem admirable to his followers eyes. Due to Jacks such trait, he eventually obtains full control over his boys in the tribe. Minor E. Samneric: Samneric is a collective term describing Sam and Eric, who are identical twins therefore undistinguishable to others. They tend to be followers in the story to whoever is in power, whether it is Ralph or Jack. Powerless: Samneric are very insignificant to the tribe, as they have no voice or power over what they do. They are expected to obey whatever commands are given to them under any circumstances. Loyal: Although Samneric abandoned Ralph and Piggy for Jack, their loyalty toward the former two can often be seen in the novel. When Ralph is being vigilantly followed by Jacks tribe for him to be killed, Samneric chooses to support Jack, by alerting him that he is being wanted. Samnerics loyalty toward Ralph ultimately causes Jacks tribe to collapse in the end. F. Roger: As Jacks main follower and his official torturer of the tribe, Roger is a cruel boy that only sees hatred in his eyes. No matter who the target is, Roger wishes to destroy them using violence. He sheds no pity on the littluns either, as he once brutally demolishes their treasured sand castle. Sadistic: Even though he purposely misses the shots, Roger is once seen throwing dangerous rocks at Henry. Roger is fully aware that the rocks will frighten the victim in terror, however, the thought does not bother him at all. He is also the person to roll the boulder that murders Piggy. G. The Lord of the Flies: The Lord of the Flies is a voice spoken through stick-impaled sows head, and is only heard by Simon. It is unknown whether the Lord of the Flies is Simons hallucination or the islands supernatural figure. Cruel: The Lord of the Flies signify the cruelty that took over all the boys. It self-proclaims to be indestructible, and declares that it will remain among the boys eternally. It mercilessly threatens innocent Simon as well, who gets terrified of the Lords existence. 5. Settings I. The Lagoon: Blue of all shades and shadowy green and purple, the beautiful lagoon of the island serves as the opening point of the story where the scattered boys of the island come together for the first time. Described as an oasis in middle of a dry desert created by an act of God, the lagoon offers a peaceful and soothing feeling to the readers. Nothing ominous seems to happen to the boys once they are in the lagoon, in contrary to many other settings in the novel. II. The Forest: The jungle in the island can be seen as the place where savagery in the boys hatch to life. With pigs squealing, mice shrieking, and birds screaming everywhere, the forest is undoubtedly an epitome of wilderness in the novel. The boys first murder happens in the forest, as well as their very last. Whenever the forest enters the scene, readers can automatically assume that an act of savagery will take place, whether it is slaughtering a pig for food, or killing an innocent boy with bare hands. III. Castle Rock: Like a magical fortress surrounded by strange growths of coral, poly, and weed, Castle Rock initially makes an exhilarating impression on the boys with its visual enticement. Despite its outer beauty, however, Ralph slowly comes to realize that the Castle Rock is not suitable for a shelter due to lack of essential survival elements like fresh water, food, and shelter. On the other hand, Jack makes an argument that the rock is actually ideal for a shelter, as it is equipped with surplus amount of harmful weapons. Jack later claims Castle Rock as his tribes fort, making use of those very weapons to defeat their enemies like Piggy. In conclusion, the Castle Rock signify a form of savagery for the readers, as one of deathful places on the island. 6. Plot In middle of an ongoing war, a group of English boys land on an uninhabited island from an aircraft. They soon gather to the blow of the conch made by Ralph and Piggy. Led by charismatic Ralph, the boys establish a civilization by creating shelter, collecting food, and assigning duties. To higher their chance of being rescued, the boys decide to make fire as a signal. However, Jacks boys become obsessed with hunting instead, causing their existence to go unnoticed by a passing-by ship. Littluns claim that they have seen a foreign creature on the island, and calls it beastie. Unable to withstand Ralph, Jack rebels out of the tribe and forms his own. A handful amount of boys follow Ralph, leaving him and Piggy behind. The new group begins to hunt wild pigs in the jungle like savages, and even decapitates one of the sows for a gift to the beast. Through that head, the Lord of the Flies speak to Simon of how evil will not be defeated on this island. Silhouette of a fallen parachutist makes an image akin to a large living creature, terrorizing the boys. Simon discovers the true identity of this object, and attempts to tell the others about it. The boys, masked in their savagery, mistake Simons emergence as the beasts and brutally slaughters him with bare hands. The next day, Jacks boys commit to themselves to steal Piggys specs to create fire. In the progress, one of the boys throws a heavy boulder aimed directly at Piggy. Along with the conch, Piggy ends his life in ruins. Jacks boys continue to hunt for Jack in hopes of killing him. After setting the whole forest on fire in attempt to compel Ralph away from his hiding, an officer sights the smoke. The story comes to close as the boys finally get rescued. 7. Major Themes A. Importance of Civilization: A war is being waged outside the island, disrupting the civilized peace. The war then causes the boys to be dropped onto the unknown island. The boys slowly drag themselves away from being rescued due to their own rebellious acts against the leader. Unorganized life on the island ultimately leads the boys into complete catastrophe. The boys end up losing their sanity due to lack of civilization, later even killing each other. Golding emphasizes the need for civilization in order for a community to survive, whether the group is small as a tribe, or big as a country. Without order, each individuals greed and needs will soon cause corruption, resulting in total chaos that might even affect ones life. B. Corruption of Power: Jacks desire for control causes inner conflicts in the group, causing the tribe to separate into two sides: Jacks and Ralphs. As time passes, Jack abuses his newfound strength by fulfilling his needs. Jack quickly becomes corrupted with his control. He even orders his boys to murder Ralph. It is natural for a man to be thirsty for power, as the same goes for Jack. However, Golding highlights that with excessive power, comes an uncontrollable tyranny. Jack was given all the power he had ever wanted in his new tribe with no restrictions whatsoever. Unable to control his unconstrained freedom, Jack soon lets his inner greed take over him. C. The Danger of Fear: It is the terrorizing fear in the littluns that bring the beastie to life. The boys fear of the beastie causes them to takes away Simons life. Through depicting all the unfortunate outcomes caused by having fear in something, Golding dramatically shows the effect a mere emotion has over ones actions. In other words, the author suggests that one should actually fear the emotion fear itself, for its danger is immense and unpredictable. 8. Symbols A. The Conch I got the conch I got the right to speak. (Chapter 2, p.36) He put the conch to his lips and began to blow. Saves appeared, painted out of recognition (Chapter 11, p.157) The conch symbolizes authority, civilization, and order on the island. Once the conch is blown, all the boys are expected to gather at the location of the sound. It would be not an overstatement to say that the conch alone possesses more power than anyone in the tribe, with exceptions to Jack and Ralph. Also, each and every member of the tribe is enforced to obey the laws of the conch, providing a form of civilization to the island. B. The Fire If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire. (Chapter 2, p.33) All at once the lights flickering ahead of him merged together and a tall bush directly in his path burst into a great fan-shaped flame. (Chapter 12, p. 165) As one of the most vital element for survival, Ralph and Piggy become highly obsessed with the burning of fire, and even attempts to spark a battle with Jack for letting the fire go out. Fire symbolizes hope and anticipation for the boys to get rescued, as it seems to be the only way available. Ironically, Golding uses fire to depict destruction as well, as becomes a tool for savages to hunt Ralph at the end. C. Piggys Specs His specs-use them as burning glasses! (Chapter 2, p.32) You havent got Piggys specs, so you cant [start the fire again]. (Chapter 7, p. 102) In the beginning, Piggys specs are treated as an annoyance to others, since it is nothing but a mere visual aide for almost-blind Piggy. However, right at the moment when Ralph discovers its new use, his specs instantly become a must-need object for all boys survival. Piggys specs enable the boys to ignite a fire by focusing the sunlight rays, and if a group does not have this very tool, the group becomes helpless. All in all, the specs symbolize intellect in the tribe, as the tribe cannot be functional without them. 9. Imagery I. The boy with fair hair lowered himself down the last few feet of rock and began to pick his way toward the lagoon. Though he had taken off his school sweater and trailed it now from one hand, his grey shirt stuck to him and his hair was plastered to his forehead. All round him the long scar smashed into the jungle was a bath of heat. He was clambering heavily among the creepers and broken trunks when a bird, a vision of red and yellow, flashed upwards with a witch-like cry. (Chapter 1, p.1) Marking off the beginning of the novel, Ralph makes his first appearance as a boy who clearly seems tired and fatigued. To emphasize his weak physical condition, it is depicted by the author that Ralph is trailing his taken-off shirt. Akin to dragging, the image of Ralph trailing the shirt suggests that the boy is fully drained of energy from exhaustion. Many factors around him support Ralphs tiredness, such as a bath of heat hammering him down oppressively. II. They lay there listening, at first with doubt but then with terror to the description the twins breathed at them between bouts of extreme silence. Soon the darkness was full of claws, full of the awful unknown and menace. An interminable dawn faded the stars out, and at last light, sad and grey, filtered into the shelter. They began to stir through still the world outside the shelter was impossibly dangerous. The maze of the darkness sorted into near and far, and at the high point of the sky the cloudlets were warmed with color. A single sea bird flapped upwards with a hoarse cry (Chapter 6, p. 82) In hopes of finding the beast come alive, Sam and Eric fall into the abyss of darkness as they observe the world outside in extreme silence. However, instead of a beast, only the menacing tranquil of nature greets the twins into its interminable sky. Although silent and calm, the mood is yet far from being peaceful, but rather full of claws and full of awful. Supporting this eerie atmosphere, a single sea bird alone from its flock fills the air with a hoarse cry. It seems the discomfort and fear in the boys minds are creating an awkward strange ambiance for all. III. The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist. Piggy, saying nothing, with no time for even a grunt, traveled through the air sideways from the work, turning over as he went. The rock bounded twice and was lost in the forest. Piggy fell forty feet and landed on his back across the square red rock in the sea. (Chapter 11, p. 163) In this passage, the boys and their big boulder brutally obliterates the two key figures of civilization the island has had: Piggy and the conch. Through this destruction, Golding declares the end for all civilization and humanity on the island, both ceas[ing] to exist. The power of the rebellions was clearly too strong for Piggy or Ralph to overcome, ultimately leaving them vulnerable for total defeat. Also, as expressed through thousand white fragments of the destroyed conch, the damage done seems to be irreversible for the boys. 10. Significance of title of work Although neither real or majorly significant in the story, the title of the book, Lord of the Flies actually carries a very important meaning to it. As a sacrificial head of a sow pierced with a stick, the Lord of the Flies symbolizes the indestructible fear, evil, and savagery inside all boys on the island. Those three essence of life ultimately causes the conflicts in the novel, especially between humane Ralph and savaged Jack. 11. Authors techniques Allusion Then the sleeping leviathan breathed out, the waters rose (Chapter 6. p. 93) Simon being Jesus Christ, Jack being Judas Golding uses a handful amount of biblical allusions in Lord of the Flies that are easily noticeable, major ones being the characters. It is quite evident that Simon portrays the image of Jesus Christ in the Bible, as both are known to be the innocent scapegoats in their respective story. Also, Jack partially reflects the image of Judas in the Bible, with both being the betrayer and evil in their group. Lastly, Golding often uses biblical allusions in specific sentences as well, like how he illustrated a scene of rising water as the breath of the sleeping leviathan. Leviathan is actually a sea monster in the Bible that is known to be the gatekeeper of Hell.

Viet Nam Essay -- essays research papers

Tactics in Vietnam were an important factor in the victory of the Vietcong over the U.S. There were fundamental differences in their fighting methods, which the Vietcong were able to take full advantage of. The Vietcong used Guerrilla warfare, this meant that they used their knowledge of the area they were fighting in to hinder the U.S. The U.S army had been used to conventional warfare, in the form of bouts of fighting. Guerrilla warfare meant that they had to be constantly alert and Booby traps meant that many soldiers died and witnessed horrific deaths. This was naturally unnerving for the soldiers concerned, particularly so because many of the soldiers were young and inexperienced. The technology of the U.S was far superior to that of the Vietcong and yet it was ultimately ineffectual. One weapon, which the U.S thought would be important, was Bombs. At first the U.S bombed specific targets. When they realized that had little effect, they began blanket bombing, this was known as ‘Operation Rolling Thunder’. Massive amounts of explosives were dropped on Vietnam, three times as much explosives was dropped than on Germany and Japan put together during World War 2. However, the Vietcong countered this with anti-aircraft guns, surface to air missiles, aid from soviet planes, and a network of tunnels. The U.S believed these to be simply to take cover from the bombing, in-fact they were also effectively used to ambush the U.S. Bombing had very little effect on the Vietcong ...